E-municipal and conducting appropriate strategic policies in transport are among the main factors in improving constant development in cities. In this paper, effort is made to provide a practical procedure in emanagement in the transport network, especially in times of accidents, through the application of the common model of strategic management and comparing its elements, concepts and theories. This process includes 5 stages: purpose, internal analysis, external analysis, strategic election, and conduct.The main purpose of the study is to answer the following question: Is it possible to transfer strategic management's elements and concepts to the realm of e-management in cities? In other words, the purpose is to establish a relationship and dialogue among principles and the accepted processes of strategic management on one hand, and common procedures and symbols in city e-management on the other.The present paper concludes that it is possible to perform the strategic management approach in e-management domain in the transportation network. It also provides some suggestions based on the results and findings of the research, particularly in times of accident.

With population and economy growth, water usage, wastewater generation and treatment, treatment plants capacity and innovation ability in Iran have increased dramatically in the last decades. Currently, Iran is in the grip of severe water scarcity, with renewable water availability of less than 1700 m3/capita/y. Total municipal wastewater generated in Iran is 4. 61 billion m3/y out of which only 42% is treated. The conventional activated sludge process accounted for the largest share (> 60%) in municipal wastewater treatment in Iran. The treatment plants operational costs usually amount up to 0. 2 US $/m3 wastewater. About 55% of treated municipal effluent is reused in Iran, with an emphasis on the agricultural sector. The electricity consumption in municipal wastewater treatment facilities amounts for 0. 1% (241 million kWh/y) of the total electricity consumption of the country. Meanwhile, the current laws and policies are sometimes inefficient or do not prompt the ideal outcomes. Thus, the present study provides an overview of municipal wastewater treatment in Iran by describing the current situation and collecting data from 68 treatment plants, and defining key barriers and future policies needs towards Iran’, s sustainable municipal wastewater management (up to 2040). Here, the opinions of 50 experts from the governmental sector, industry division, and faculty members were surveyed through the meetings of the technical and steering committee. Overall, sustainable municipal wastewater management in Iran would be obtained by developing water resources, increasing the population covered by wastewater facilities (90%), improving effluent discharge standards, and lowering energy usage to 0. 45 kWh/m3 wastewater.

In policy-making, increasing and improving the provision of services in order to reduce, and this makes the need for new qualities of modeling in the field of urban services to be felt more for urban progress and development. Therefore, the current research aims to help provide appropriate urban services and urban development by presenting the urban service-policy model. For this purpose, the research has been done in a developmental-applied way and in two quantitative-qualitative phases. The research community in the qualitative part of the experts includes senior managers of the municipality, who were selected by non-realistic and theoretical sampling method in the number of 15 based on the theoretical saturation criterion, and in the quantitative part, the statistical population of municipal employees numbering 350 people in a random-stratified manner. Is. The findings of the qualitative part with the content analysis method showed that the model includes five numbers "environmental", "economic", "cultural", "content", and "operational" along with 20 components. Quantitative findings with Dimtel's fuzzy method showed that "environmental", "cultural", "economic", "content" changes respectively affect "operational". The findings of the structural equation modeling method for the model test showed that the environment has a positive and significant effect on "cultural", "economic", "content" and "operational". Also, "cultural" changes have a positive and significant relationship with "economic" and "operational" changes. But "cultural" and "economic" relations with the "content" of approval between. Aspiring managers and statesmen should achieve success by deciding on appropriate laws and economic support in the proper implementation of policies.

Introduction: In the current research, it has been tried to qualitatively study all kinds of policies and measures necessary for alignment between teacher preparation programs and democratic social education competencies under the model of teacher education curricula, which include: direct (official) curriculum, Indirect curriculum, informal curriculum (implicit) and unstructured curriculum (hidden) should be identified in the educational system. Method: Qualitative approach and phenomenological method were used in this research. The field of research is Farhangian University of Hormozgan and the participants are  13  lecturers of this university. The sampling method is a combination of convenience and snowball sampling. The research tool was a semi-structured interview. The information was analyzed using thematic analysis method and then using MAXQDA software... Result: The information was analyzed using the theme analysis method and then using MAXQDA software in the form of 2  overarching themes, 8 organizing themes and 25  basic themes. The results of this research showed the basic policies and measures for teacher preparation programs, in the form of two components, strategies and solutions of teacher training curricula, separated by curricula (formal, informal, informal, unstructured curriculum) and with the goal of preparing The formation of teachers has been identified in the educational system to realize the competencies of democratic social education. Conclusion: Therefore, examining the opportunities, facilities, and resources available to achieve these actions should be on the agenda of decision makers and educational planners. It is necessary to pay special attention to the strategies and solutions of teacher training curricula.

Municipalities as a public law entity, and non-governmental organization, may cause damages against citizen which its laws and rules of civil liability are common with other natural or legal persons, but what constitutes the subject of the present paper, is considering of the law and rules which help citizen to face municipalities and its personals. Although in the eleventh article of civil liability law, there are some alternative and condition which point municipalities stuff rights, and liabilities, and their limitation of their liabilities. But the main concern is to specify the amount of damages for intentional fault or negligence has been in operation. For example, in areas such as implementation of laws and regulations may, risks of ownership of roads, buildings and also to legal ownership of land and buildings or failures of municipality employees in the public service like vehicle drivers, causing the responsibility to municipalities, Therefore, this study investigated the responsibility of the citizenry in general to determine the status of a civil liability of municipalities to citizens.

Poverty reduction is one of the main goals of policies pursued by governments. The concept of pro poor growth focuses on the interaction between three elements: growth, poverty and inequality. On the other hand, pro poor growth is affected by several factors, including macroeconomic policies. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of Openness on pro poor growth during the period of 1982-2015. For this purpose, we estimate this relation by using ARDL method with time series data. The result shows that the openness of the economy has led to the improvement of the situation of the poor, due to the introduction of technology, increased productivity, more efficient resource allocation and promotion of innovation. So it is suggested that, the government pursue the removal of barriers of free trade and membership of the WTO. Although the success in this field is to create appropriate infrastructures and institutions.

Achieving continuous economic growth has been and is one of the focal points in policymaking. This issue is mostly studied using economic growth models and approaches. One of the newest approaches to economic growth is pro-poor growth and subsequently the inclusive growth. These two approaches were offered when it was observed that poor people do not enjoy the benefits of economic growth comparing to other sections of society. One of the books published in this field is the book "Inclusive Growth in the Provinces of Iran: Policies and Indicators", the review and critique of which is on the agenda of this article and meanwhile attempts are made to provide suggestions for improving the content of the book in future editions. The findings of the book indicate that economic growth in Iran has been low in recent years and at the same time labor force participation has played an effective and significant role in the overall growth in the provinces. However, government policies that could have played an effective role in reducing poverty and inequality in the provinces have not been very successful in practice. In conclusion, it seems that moving toward inclusive growth requires the design and implementation of a coherent policy package from different dimensions.

The study was done to explore the production of charcoal briquettes that could meet the need for energy in the community of Jimma city. The primary objective of this work is to produce charcoal from the most promising wastes. Under these objectives the main activities which performed were sorting waste, characterization of wastes that can easily degradable, designing carbonizer equipment, manual press molding machine, and characterizing charcoal briquettes. Degradable municipal waste was collected from Jimma city. The charcoal production process includes a collection of degradable municipal waste, drying, carbonization, crushing and sieving, binder preparation, binder – charcoal mixing, briquette charcoal (compaction and drying), and packing. The test result of degradable municipal solid waste for its density, % of moisture, % of volatile matter, % of ash, % of fixed carbon, and caloric value of was determined as 157.3kg/m3, 18.15%, 66.95%, 4.07%, 10.83%, and 18.5MJ/kg, respectively. In the same way the test result for charcoal briquette for its density, porosity weight index, shatter resistance ,moisture content, volatile matter, ash content, fixed carbon content, and caloric value was obtained as 50.06kg/m3, 29.05%, 92.3 %, 9.87%, 29.4%, 3.21%, 57.52% and 27.0MJ/kg, respectively. These results show in the range compared with others reported in literature. Therefore, there is the possibility to convert Jimma City degradable solid wastes into charcoal briquette using starch as a binder. We can increase the quality of charcoal briquette rather than polluting the environment.